CaF2 Crystals 

Simple description：

Calcium Fluoride crystal (chemical formula CaF2) is a colorless cubic crystal or white powder that is insoluble in water and transparent in its single-crystal form. It belongs to the cubic crystal system and has a transmission band of 0.13~10µm, making it an excellent ultraviolet and infrared window material. Calcium Fluoride is the main component of fluorite or fluorspar and is also the main source of fluorine.

Detailed Description：

Calcium Fluoride crystals exhibit high transmittance and good long-term radiation stability, making them widely used in optical instruments. With the development of lithography technology towards shorter wavelengths, Calcium Fluoride crystals have become the preferred material for extreme ultraviolet lithography lenses. In addition, Calcium Fluoride is also used to produce important chemical reagents such as hydrogen fluoride, fluorine gas, and fluorides.

In terms of machining, the development of electronic information technology has placed nearly stringent requirements on the quality of the processed surface of Calcium Fluoride crystals, such as nanometer-scale roughness, sub-micrometer-scale flatness, and high surface integrity.

Advantages：

1. Excellent Light Transmission：Calcium Fluoride crystals exhibit good light transmission performance in the wavelength range of 0.13~10μm, with a wide transmission range suitable for various optical applications.
2. Low Stress Birefringence：There is no significant intrinsic birefringence above 200nm, ensuring stable performance of optical elements.
3. Uniform and High Refractive Index：The uniform and high refractive index of Calcium Fluoride crystals makes them ideal materials for fabricating high-precision optical elements.
4. Stable Mechanical Properties：They possess good mechanical strength and can withstand certain external forces without easy damage.
5. Non-hygroscopic：Calcium Fluoride crystals are not prone to absorbing moisture in the air, maintaining the stability and optical performance of the crystals.
6. Strong Resistance to Radiation Damage：They can maintain good optical performance in high-energy radiation environments, suitable for applications in the nuclear industry, aerospace, and other fields.

Application fields：

1. Medical Field：Calcium Fluoride crystals are widely used in dental treatment as ingredients in toothpaste and mouthwash, effectively preventing dental caries and tooth decay. Additionally, they can be used for bone repair in orthopedic surgery, filling bone defects and promoting bone healing. In medical imaging, Calcium Fluoride crystals are also used to prepare medical imaging agents, such as X-ray contrast agents and nuclear medicine imaging agents, enhancing the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment.
2. Chemical Industry：Calcium Fluoride crystals can be used as raw materials for the production of fluorides, providing stable fluoride ions. They can also serve as catalyst supports, increasing the contact area between reactants and catalysts, thereby enhancing reaction efficiency. Furthermore, they are used as metallurgical fluxes, dehydration and dehydrogenation catalysts.
3. Construction Industry：Calcium Fluoride crystals can be used as additives in cement and concrete to improve strength and durability. In glass manufacturing, the addition of Calcium Fluoride crystals can lower the melting point of glass and enhance its transparency and hardness. Additionally, they are used in the production of optical glass, optical fibers, and other optical materials.
4. Agricultural Field：Calcium Fluoride crystals can be used as additives in plant nutrients to promote plant growth and improve crop yield and quality. In some acidic soils, the addition of appropriate amounts of Calcium Fluoride crystals can neutralize soil acidity and improve soil fertility.
5. Optical Field：Due to their high transparency and low refractive index, Calcium Fluoride crystals are widely used as lenses and window materials in optical instruments. In laser technology, they can be used as optical components in lasers, such as laser resonators and optical prisms. Additionally, they can be used in infrared optical systems, such as infrared cameras and infrared lidar.
6. Electronics Field：Calcium Fluoride crystals are used as substrates for high-temperature thermoelectric materials due to their stability and high melting point. In electronic device manufacturing, they can serve as substrates for semiconductor materials, such as Calcium Fluoride crystal wafers.

Specifications：

Parameter Name	Value
Molecular Formula	CaF2
Molecular Weight	78.07
Density	3.18g/cm³
Melting Point	1360~1423℃（slight variations in different literature reports）
Boiling Point	Approximately 2500℃
Refractive Index	nD=1.43389（at a specific wavelength）
Mohs Hardness	4
Solubility	0.0016g dissolves in 100g of water at 18℃
Transmission Range	0.1259μm（or 0.1310μm, slight variations in different sources）
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	1.838×10-5/℃（or 18.85×10-6/℃, slight variations under different conditions）
Other Characteristics	Optically isotropic, low absorption, low refractive index